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1 δίδωμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `give' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. δώσω ( διδώσω ν 358, ω 314), aor. ἔδωκα, δοῦναι (s. below), pass. δοθῆναι, perf. δέδωκα, δέδομαι. Cypr. opt. δώκοι from δώκω (from the aor.).Dialectal forms: Myc. didosi \/ didonsi\/ `they give', didoto \/ didontoi\/ 3. pl. ind. pass., dose \/dōsei\/ `he will give', jodososi \/jō-dosonsi\/, odoke \/hō-dōke\/, apu-doke \/apu-dōke\/, apedoke \/ap-edōke\/, dedomena \/ dedomena\/ perf. ptc. pass.; apudosi \/ apu-dosis\/, dosomo \/ dosmos\/, dosomijo \/ dosmios\/ `consisting of contributions', dora \/dōra\/ `gifts'; PN teodora \/theodōra\/.Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἀντι-, ἀπο-, δια- etc. As first member δωσι- in Δωσί-θεος etc.; cf. Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 11; s. also below.Derivatives: δώς f. `gift' (Hes. Op. 356 \< δώ-ς or *δώτ-ς, s. below); ( ἀνά-, ἀντί-, ἀπό- etc.) δόσις `gift' (Il.; on the meaning Schwyzer 504 n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 76, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 75, Rauillard Mélanges Boisacq 2, 219ff.) with δοσίδιον (inscr.) and δόσιμος, often from comp. ἐπι-, ἐν-, παρα-; δῶτις, uncertain; acc. to Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 105 twice (!) in the Amphiktyon-law of 380a for λωτις; also δῶττις δώς, φερνή H., prob. wrong; s. Latte; δωτίνη, -ᾱ, `gift, present, rent' (Hom., also Argolis; but cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 279f.), with δωτινάζω `collect gifts' Hdt. 2, 180); ἀπυ-δοσμός `selling' with ἀπυδόσμιος (Arc.); - δομα in ἀπό-, διά-, πρό-δομα etc.; cf. Wilhelm Glotta 14, 70f.; δῶρον s. v. - ( ἐκ-, ἐπι- etc.) δοτήρ `giver' (Il.), f. δότειρα (Hes.); δώτωρ `id.' (Od.); to δοτήρ: δώτωρ Schwyzer 381 and 530; Benveniste Noms d'agent 46 and 49; δωτήρ `id.' ( θεοὶ δωτῆρες ἐάων θ 325 etc.; s. below); δότης = δοτήρ (LXX); init. only in comp., e.g. προδότης, f. - τις `traitor' (Ion., Att.) with προδοσία `treason' (Ion.-Att.); δώτης (Hes. Op. 355, beside ἀ-δώτης; cf. δώς above and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 118, Frisk Subst. priv. 20), ἐπιδώτης surname of Zeus in Mantinea and other gods (Paus.) with Έπιδώτειον name of a tempel (Epidauros); Δωτώ name of a Nereide (Il., Hes.; s. below). - δοτικός, often with prefix ἐπι-, μετα- etc. (Arist.). - Desiderative deverbat. παρα-, ἐν- etc. δωσείω (Th.), iterative preterite δόσκον (ep.).Etymology: IE root * deh₃-\/ dh₃-. But for the vowel of the reduplicative syllable δί-δω-μι, δί-δω-σι agrees with Skt. dá-dā-ti, Av. da-dāi-ti; i-reduplication in Italic, e. g. Osc. didest `he will give', Vest. di-de-t `dat', perhaps also in Lat. reddō, if \< * re-di-dō. Also the medial aorists ἔ-δο-το, Skt. á-di-ta, Venet. zo-to and the participles (-) δοτός, Lat. dătus agree against Skt. - dāta-, Av. dāta- (but zero grade in Skt. - tta- \< *- dh₃-to-; as simplex Sanskrit has new dattá-). The active aorist ἔ-δω-κ-α (with - κ- after ἔθηκα, ἧκα, s. Schwyzer 741 w. n. 8) from root aorist *ἔ-δω-ν (cf. ἔ-στη-ν), seen in Skt. á-dā-t, Arm. et `he gave' (\< *é-dō-t). - On Cypr. δοϜεναι beside Skt. dāváne `to give' see Benveniste Origines 129 but also Specht Gnomon 14, 34); an element u̯ also in Cypr. opt. δυϜάνοι, Lat. duim `dem', Lith. dovanà `gift' and other forms; (hom. Att. δοῦναι from *δο-έναι). - Of the nouns compare δώτωρ = Skt. dā́tar-, with zero grade Lat. dător; δοτήρ: Skt. dātár- ; δόσις = Lat. dăti-ō; δώς, if \< *δώτ-ς = Lat. dōs, - tis (if IE * dō-t-, not * dō-ti-). First member Δωσι- = Skt. dāti-vāra- `who loves giving, liberal'. - Hitt. dā- `take', cf. Skt. ā-dā- `receive'.Page in Frisk: 1,388-389Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίδωμι
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2 ὀρχέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Aor. ὀρχήσασθαι (Od.).Derivatives: 1. the nom. actionis ὀρχ-ηθμός m. `dance' (Hom., h. Ap.), - ησμός m. `id.' (A.), - ηστύς f. `id.' (Hom., E. Kyk. 171; as κιθαριστύς); younger - ησις f. `id.' (posthom.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 127; semantic. in spite of Benveniste Noms d'ag. 86 not to be separated from - ηστύς), - ημα ( ὑπ- ὀρχέομαι) n. `id.' (Simon., S., Pl.); 2. the nom. agentis - ηστήρ (Il.), - ηστής, Dor. - ηστάς (Il., Thera, OldAtt.) m.'dancer' with f. - ηστρίς (com., Pl.), - ήστρια(Moer.); 3. the nom. loci - ήστρα f. `dancing-room, orchestra' (Pl., Arist.); 4. the adj. - ηστικός `belonging to dance(r)s, fit for dancing' (Pl., Arist.). Deatils in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 28f. (a.o. on the analog. - σ-), Benveniste Origines 201, Noms d'ag. 65 f. a. 86, Porzig Satzinhalte 183 a. 236.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation, formally from primary ἔρχομαι; s.v. and Schwyzer 719 a. 702 (which DELG finds neither formally nor semantically convincing). Skt. r̥ghāyáti `tremble, scream, rage', of old compared (Bq s.v. w. lit., WP. 1, 147, Pok. 339, Mayrhofer s.v.) can at most be indirectly connected.Page in Frisk: 2,433Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρχέομαι
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3 διώκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `pursue, drive away, prosecute'(Il.)Derivatives: δίωγμα `pursuing, what is pursued' (trag., Pl.), διωγμός `pursuing' (trag., X.) with διωγμίτης `policeman' (inscr. IIp; vgl. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 45), διωγμιτικά = persecutiones (Cod. Just.); δίωξις `persecution', prosecution' (Att.), διωκτύς `id.' (Call.; cf. Benveniste Noms d'agent 72). - Nomen agentis διώκτης `pursuer' (NT), in γνωμιδιώκτης (haplol. for γνωμιδιο-δι- Cratin. 307), s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 81 n. 1; διωκτήρ `id.' (Babr.). - διωκτός (S.), διωκτικός (Iamb.). - Lengthened διωκάθειν (- εῖν?), ἐδιώκαθον (Att.); cf. Schwyzer 703 n. 6 ( διωκαθεῖν?)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: διώκει beside δίεμαι as Ϝιώκει (Cor.) beside Ϝίεμαι (s. ἵεμαι). Origin of the ω unclear (not convincing Meillet MSL 23, 50f.); κ-enlargenent as in ἐρύ-κω, ὀλέ-κω etc., Schwyzer 702 m. n. 5.Page in Frisk: 1,402Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > διώκω
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4 δράκων
δράκων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `dragon, serpent' (Il.), aslo a fish, `Trachinus' (Epich., cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 121f.).Other forms: Fem. δράκαινα `female dragon' (h. Ap., A.) with δρακαινίς a fish name (Com.); s. below.Derivatives: Dimin. δρακόντιον (Delos IIIa), also a plant `Arum dracunculum' (Hp.; after the colour, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 38); δρακοντίς name of a bird (Ant. Lib.; s. Thompson Birds 91); δρακοντία a plant (Ps.-Dsc.); δρακοντίας ( πυρός, σίκυς, πελειάς, Thphr.); δρακοντίτης ( λίθος; Ptol. Chenn., s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 54). - δρακόντειος and δρακοντώδης `like a dragon' (E.). - δρακοντίασις name of a disease (Gal.) as if from *δρακοντιάω, after the words in - ίασις, cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 137 A. 3.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [213] *drḱ- `look at'Etymology: The old view that the dragon was called after his paralyzing view, was doubted by Fick BB 28, 99. - If to δέρκομαι, δράκων can be an original n-stem (cf. δράκαινα) of a root noun *δρά(κ) = Skt. dŕ̥ś- `view' (cf. ὑπό-δρα s.v.). The ντ-stem after the participles, Schwyzer 526, Chantraine Formation 268.Page in Frisk: 1,414Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δράκων
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5 ἡγέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `lead, go ahead', posthom. also `think, believe';Other forms: Dor. ἁγ-, aor. ἡγήσασθαι, fut. ἡγήσομαι (Il.), perf. ἥγημαι, ἅγ- (Hdt., Pi.), aor. pass. ἡγήθην (Pl. Lg. 770b)Compounds: very often with prefix in different meanings, δι-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, καθ-, περι-, ὑφ- etc. As 1. member in governing compp., e. g. `Ηγησί-λεως, Άγησί-λαος (Hdt.; also as appellative) - Also ἡγέ-ομαι as 2. member in formations in - της, e. g. κυν-ηγέτης "leader of dogs", `hunter' (Od.), ἀρχ-ηγέτης, f. - τις `who has the power, originator' (Hdt.), partly beside - ηγός and connected with ἄγω, s. Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 88ff., Sommer 12 w. n. 1. Another compound with σ-stem is περι-ηγής `forming a circle' (Emp., A. R.).Derivatives: Many derivv., also from the compp. (Dor. forms not sep. noted). Nomina actionis: 1. ἥγησις `leading' (LXX), older and more usual εἰσ-, ἐξ-, δι-, περι-, ὑφ-ήγησις etc. (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις, s. index);. 2. ἥγημα `leading, opinion' (LXX, Pergamon), older and more usual ἀφ-, εἰσ-ήγημα etc. with - ηγημάτιον, - ηγηματικός. Nomina agentis: 3. ἡγεμών, - όνος m. `leader' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 522, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 25f,; also from the compp., e. g. καθηγεμών) with ἡγεμονεύω `lead, rule' (Il.; like βασιλεύω), rarely - έω (Pl.; cf. Fraenkel Denom. 184f., Schwyzer 732), ἡγεμον-ία, ἡγεμόνευ-μα, ἡγεμον-ικός a. o.; fem. ἡγεμόνη surname of Artemis a. o. (Call.; Schwyzer 490 n. 4, Sommer Nominalkomp. 145). 4. ` Ηγήμων Att. PN (cf. ἥγημα). 5. ἡγήτωρ, - ορος m. `id.' (Il.), Άγήτωρ surname of Zeus in Sparta (X.), also name of the Aphrodite-priests in Cyprus (E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 87). 6. ἡγητήρ, - ῆρος m. `id.' (Pi., S.; also ὑφ-, προ-, καθ-ηγητήρ [trag.]) with ( προ-)ἡγήτειρα (A. R.), - τήριος (Ath.). 7. ἡγητής `id.' (A. Supp. 239), usually εἰσ-, ἐξ-, δι-, καθ-, προ-ηγητής (IA); on semantic differentiation of ἡγήτωρ, - ητήρ Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; on ἡγητής Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 13. Adj. 8. ( ἐξ-, δι- etc.) ἡγητικός (hell.). - On ἡγηλάζω s. v.Etymology: Iterative present ἡγέομαι, ἁ̄γέομαι, from which all other forms were derived, has a close correspondence in the yot-presents Lat. sāgio `trace, track down' = Germ., e. g. Goth. sokjan `search, attack' (the latter could also be from * sāgeio\/e-). From WestIE. one adduces OIr. saigim, -id `trace something, search', prob a yot-present (from * sh₂g-), s. Thurneysen Grammar 354; for the vowel cf. Lat. săgāx. Uncertain is Hitt. šak-ḫi, -i `know'. - The word may come from the language of hunters, prop. `search'; further Schwyzer 29 and Chantraine l. c.Page in Frisk: 1,621-622Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἡγέομαι
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6 κτάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `acquire, win', perf. `possess'.Other forms: Ion. ipf. ἐκτέετο (as v. l. Hdt. 8, 112), aor. κτήσασθαι (Il.), pass. κτηθῆναι (Th., E.), fut. κτήσομαι (posthom.), perf. ἔκτημαι, κέκτημαι (Hes., Att.),Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. κτεάτεσσι (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. κτέαρ (hell.) `(acquired) goods, possessions, property' with κτεατίζω `acquire' (Il.), κτεατισμός (Man.; cod. κτεαν-). - 2. κτέανα n. pl., sec. a. rare - ον sg. `id.' (Hes., also Hp.), φιλο-κτεανώτατε voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), πολυ-κτέανος (Pi.). On κτεάτεσσι and κτέανα s. below. - 3. κτήματα n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), `goods, landed property', also `domestic animals' (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with κτημάτ-ιον (Alkiphr., pap.), - ίδιον (pap. VIp), - ικός `rich' (hell.), - ίτης `id.' (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 28); as 2. member a. o. in πολυ-κτήμων `rich in possessions' (Il.) with - μοσύνη (Poll.). - 4. κτήνεα, - νη n. pl., rarely - νος sg. `domestic animals' (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from κτάομαι with νος-suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it κτηνηδόν `after the kind of animals' (Hdt.), κτηνύδριον (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. κτηνο-τρόφος `cattle-keeper' (hell.). - 5. κτῆσις `acquisition, possession' (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 82 ff.) with κτήσιος `regarding the possessions', Ζεὑς Κτήσιος as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. κτησ(ε) ίδιον (Arr.). - 6. κτεάτειρα f. `who possesses (fem.)' (A. Ag. 356), archaising after κτεάτεσσι a. o. for - κτήτειρα, - τρια (in προ-κτήτρια `former possessor', pap.) to κτήτωρ m. `possessor' (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with κτητορικός (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. Φιλο-κτή-της PN (Il.), compound from φίλος and κτάομαι with τη-suffix; Att. Φιλοσκήτης (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: κτητός `to acquire, acquired' (I 408; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,14); usu. ἐπίκτη-τος `also acquired, newly acquired' (IA.); κτητικός `of what was acquired' (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is ἀκτῆνες πένητες, ἠργηκότες (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from *ἀ-κτη-ῆνες. Except the rare and relatively late attested present κτάομαι all forms have κτη-(ἔγκτασις hyperdoric after ἔμπᾱσις; s. πάσασθαι). Also κτεάτεσσι, κτέαρ go back to a heteroklitic *κτῆ-Ϝαρ, - Ϝατος; besides κτέανα as rest of the old oblique n-stem *κτη-Ϝαν-α, which gave sg. κτέανον, s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. kṣáyati = Av. xšayeiti, -te `rule, order, have power' is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as κτάομαι makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. kṣáy-ati; this form does not continue *ksǝi̯eti; the solution is * ksH-ei-, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. kṣa-trám - Av. xša-θ rǝm `rule'. The equation of κτάομαι `acquire' and Skt. kṣáyati is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.Page in Frisk: 2,31-33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτάομαι
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7 κτίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `found, lay out, build, create' (Emp.).Other forms: aor. κτίσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. κτισθῆναι (IA.), fut. κτίσω (A.), perf. midd. ἔκτισμαι (Hdt.), act. ἔκτικα (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).Derivatives: κτίσις f. `foundation, creation' (Pi., IA.; cf. below), κτιστύς f. `foundation' (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), κτίσμα `foundation, colony, building' (hell.), κτισμός `foundation' (Asia Minor., Empire); - κτίστωρ `founder' (Pi., E.), κτιστήρ `id.' (Corinth, IVa), f. κτίστρια (Asia Minor, Empire), κτίστης `founder, builder' (Arist.) with κτίστιον (- εῖον) `temple of a founder' (pap. IVp), older συγκτίστης `co-founder' (Hdt. 5, 46) ; κτιστός `laid out, founded' (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. κτιστόν `building' (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning `live, abide' and thus outside the system: ἐυ κτίμενος `where you can live well' (Hom.); περι-κτί-ονες pl. `those living around, neighbours' (Il.), ἀμφι-κτί-ονες `id.' (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. Va), besides - κτύονες (Hdt., inscr. IVa) with unclear υ (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); περι-κτί-ται pl. `id.' (λ 288), after it as simplex κτί-ται `id.' (E. Or. 1621), κτίτης = κτίστης (Delph. IIa); ἐΰ-κτι-τος = ἐυ κτίμενος (Β 592), ὀρεί-κτι-τος `living in the mountains' (Pi.); but e.g. θεό-κτι-τος `founded by the gods' (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on κτίστωρ. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. κτοίνα (also πτοίνα with unexplained πτ-) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. koto(i)na) with κτοινᾶται, - έται (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).Etymology: With περι-κτί-ται agrees but for the lengthening ā-stem Skt. pari-kṣí-t-'living round about', with ( ἐΰ)-κτιτος Av. ( ana)- šita- `uninhabited'. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. kṣé-ti, pl. kṣi-y-ánti (= Myc. ki-ti-je-si [trans.]) - Av. šaēiti, šyeinti `live'. An agreeing athematic ptc. is κτί-μενος. The transitive-causative meaning `make as living, found', which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist κτίσ(σ)αι, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in κτί-μενος), like ἔ-στη-σα to ἔ-στη-ν (s. ἵστημι). To κτίσ(σ)αι arose κτίζω, and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). κτί-σις too has an exact parallel in Skt. kṣi-tí-, Av. ši-ti- `living (place)', but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to κτίζω suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 95 n. 5). With κτοίνα agrees, except for the i-stem, Arm. šēn, gen. šini `inhabited (place)'. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with κτείνω we now assume * tkei-. Cf. κτίλος.Page in Frisk: 2,34-35Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτίζω
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8 λύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `loosen, liberate, make loose, destroy, pay'.Other forms: aor. λῦσαι, fut. λύσω, perf. midd. λέλῠμαι, aor. pass. λῠθῆναι (Il.), aor. midd. also λύμην, λύ(ν)το (Hom.), perf. act. λέλῡκα.Compounds: very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member λῦσ(ι)- in governing compp., e.g. λυσί-πονος, λυσι-τελής (s. v.), PN like Λυσί-μαχος, shortname Λυσίας a. o.; as 2. member in βου-λῡ-τός (s. v.).Derivatives: 1. λύσις `loosenig, liberation' (Ω 655 a. ι 421; cf. Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 4f.. Benveniste Noms d'agent 77, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 71ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 196), from the prefixcompp. ἀπό-, ἀνά-, διά-, κατά-, ἔκ-λυσις etc. (Thgn., Sol., IA; cf. Holt [s. Index]); davon ( κατα-, ἀπο-)λύσιμος `good for loosening etc.' (trag., Pl., Arist.; Arbenz 66 u. 68); also λύσιος `bringing loosening', surn. of the gods, esp. Dionysos (Pl., Plu.). 2. λύματα pl. = ἐνέχυρα (Suid.); but κατάλῠ-μα n. `inn' (hell.) with - μάτιον (hell. pap.) from κατα-λύω `dismiss, unloose'. 3. Aeol. Dor. λύα f. (Alc., Pi.), λύη (Hdn. Gr.) `loosening, saparation, στάσις'; from it, but deviant in meaning, Λυαῖος, - αία surn. of Dionysos resp. the Great Goddess ( Anakreont., IG 5: 2, 287 [I--IIp]; Tim. Pers. 132), cf. Danielsson Eranos 5, 52 and Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 11 w. n. 1, Lat. LW [loanword] Lyaeus. - 4. ( ἀνα-, κατα-) λυτήρ, - ῆρος m. `liberator, looser, arbiter' (A., E., hell. inscr.) with ( ἐκ-)λυτήριος `loosing, liberating' (Hp., trag.); λυτήριον = λύτρον (Pi., A. R.), but καταλυτήριον = κατάλυμα (Poll., s. above). Fem. λύτειρα (Orph.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 128), also λυτηριάς (Orph.). 5. δια-, κατα-, ἀνα-, συν-λύτης `looser, resp. loging guest, looser, conciliator' (Th., resp. Plb.); here and after λύσις, λύω ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐκ-, παρα- etc.) λυτικός `good for loosing.' (Pl., Arist.). - 6. λύτρον `ransom' (usu. pl.), `substitute, retribution' (Pi., IA.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 203 f., Chantraine Formation 332) with ( ἀπο-, παρα-, ἐκ-)λυτρόω, - όομαι `give free for ransom etc.' (Att.), from where (-) λύτρωσις, λυτρώσι-μος, λυτρωτής, ἀπολυτρωτικός (hell.).Etymology: The regular Greek formal system is the result of nivellation. Old was the athematic aorist λύ-μην, λύ-το (Schwyzer 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382), new prob. the themat. present λύω with original short (Hom.), then also long (Att.; sts. also Hom.) υ, prob. after λῦσαι etc. (cf. Schwyzer 686, Chantraine 1, 372; also Schulze Q. 387 f., Bonfante Emerita 1, 117). Further agrees with λῠ́ω Lat. luō `mend, pay', to which solvō (from *sĕ-luō) `solve'; the long vowel in so-lū-tus and in Skt. lū-na- `cut off' has an agreement in βου-λῡ-τός (against λύ-το, λύ-σις etc.). The Skt. verb deviates both formally and semantically ('cut off, divide, destroy usw.') with the nasal presents lu-nā́-ti, lu-no-ti; the other finite forms are much later; on full grade verbal nouns (e.g. laví-, lavítra-) s. on λαῖον (not in λοι-δορέω). - From other languages there are isolated verbal nouns or verb forma, which are unimportant for Greek, like Goth. lun acc. sg. ' λύτρον, ransom'; with n-suffix Alb. laj `pay a debt' (from IE *lǝu̯n-i̯ō?). Besides with s-enlargement Germ. e.g. Goth. fra-liusan `lose' (IE * leus-) wiht fralusts `loss' (IE. * lus-ti-), fra-lus-nan `be lost'. - More forms WP. 2, 407 f., Pok. 681 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. luō.Page in Frisk: 2,149-150Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύω
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9 μῆτις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `wisdom, skill, craft' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member e.g. in πολύ-μητις `with many councils, inventive', of Odysseus, also of Hephaistos (Hom.), ἀγκυλο-μήτης `with crooked councils, cunning', of Kronos, also of Prometheus (Hom.); on the transfer to the ᾱ-stems Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 48 f. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 11 50 f.), Schwyzer 561 w. n. 5.Derivatives: 1. μητιέτᾰ nom. a. (orig.) voc., adjunct of Zeus, `who possesses μῆτις', metr. conditioned form at verse-end for *μητῖτα, after νεφεληγερ-έτα ( Ζεύς) a.o.; with acc. μητιέτην (versinscr. Tegea), nom.- έτης (Corn.); s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 186 n.1, Risch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 394; wrong Fraenkel Festschr. B. Snell (1956) 186 ff. -- 2. μητιόεις `filled with μ.', of Ζεύς, φάρμακα a.o. (δ 227, h. Ap. 344, Hes.); on the formation beyond Schwyzer 527 Fraenkel l.c. -- Denomin. verb: aor. μητίσασθαι, fut. μητίσεσθαι `reflect, devise' (Hom., Emp., A. R.; pres. μητίομαι Pi. P. 2, 92); as pres. is used in the epic for metr. reasons (after the verbs in - ιάω) μητιάω, - άομαι ( μητιόων, μητιάασθαι etc.), also with ἐπι-, συν-, (Hom., A. R.); Schwyzer 727 u. 732. Verbal noun μητίματα pl. H. s.v. μήτεα (for μήδεα?).Etymology: As orig. verbal noun *'measuring' (improb. `measurer' as nom. ag.; cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 26 a. 37 f., Borgström NTS 16, 145) μῆτις has exact correspondences in Skt. māti- `measure' (lex.) and in the Germ. word, which is isolated, OE mǣd f. `measure'; the same noun is also supposed by Lat. mētior `measure'. The basic primary verb is found only in Indoiran., e.g. Skt. mā́-ti, redupl. mí-mā-ti `measure' (with a.o. upa-mā- with úpamā-ti-'distribution, measuring out'). An other formation is μή-τρα `land-measure'; ablauting with this μέτρον (s.v.). Also in the other languages several isolated verbal nouns with diff. meanings are preserved, thus Germ., e.g. Goth. mēl `time', OHG māl `point of time, (time for) meal, Mahl'. -- The unassibilated - τι- (for - σι-) has been explained from the isolated position of the archaic μῆτις, cf. Schwyzer 505 and Chantraine Form. 277. On μῆτις in gen. Porzig Satzinhalte 329 a. 336, Benveniste Noms d'agent 77. -- Further forms WP. 2, 237f., Pok. 703f., W.-Hofmann s. mētior.Page in Frisk: 2,232-233Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῆτις
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10 μιμνήσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `remind (oneself), give heed, care for, make mention'; usu. - ομαι (- ῄσκω, Schwyzer 709f., Aeol. μιμναισκω [Gramm.], μνήσκεται Anacr.); fut. μνήσω, - ομαι, aor. μνῆσαι (Dor. μνᾶσαι), - ασθαι, perf. midd. μέμνημαι (Dor. -μνᾱ-, Aeol. - μναι-) with fut. μεμνήσομαι (all Il.), aor. pass. μνησθῆναι (δ 418, Aeol. μνασθῆναι) with fut. μνησθήσομαι (IA); pres. also μνάομαι, μνῶμαι, μνώοντο, μνωόμενος etc. (Il.), `woo for one's bride, court' (Od.) `solicit' (Hdt., Pi.), προ-μνάομαι `court for' (S., Pl., X.); cf. below.Compounds: Often with prefix, esp. ὑπο-, ἀνα-, with παρ-, προσ-υπομιμνήσκω, ἐπ-, συν-, προ-αναμιμνήσκω.Derivatives: 1. μνῆμα, Dor. Aeol. μνᾶμα n. `memorial, monument, tomb' (Il.) with μνημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. μναμ- `id.' (Dor., IA; cf. σῆμα: σημεῖον a.o., Chantraine Form. 61, Schwyzer 470), rare a. late - άτιον, - άδιον, - άφιον, - όριον (s. μεμόριον); μνηματίτης λόγος `funeral oration' (Choerob., Eust.; Redard 47); ὑπόμνη-μα `remembrance, note' (Att.) with - ματικός, - ματίζομαι -- 2. μνήμη, Dor. μνάμα f. `remembrance, mention' (Dor., IA; μνή-σ-μη Lycaonia); from this or from μνῆμα: μνημ-ήϊος `as a remembrance' (Phryg.), - ίσκομαι = μιμνήσκομαι (Pap.). -- 3. μνεία f. `remembrance, mention' (Att.), verbal noun \< * μνᾱ-ΐα as πεν-ία a.o. (cf. Chantraine Form. 81), hardly with Schwyzer 425 foll. Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 75f. enlarged from a root noun *μνᾱ. -- 4. μνῆστις ( μνᾶσ-) f. `remembrance, thought, renown' (ν 280) with - σ- as in μνη-σ-θῆναι, μνη-σ-τύς etc.; rather after λῆστις (s. λανθάνω) than with Porzig Satzinhalte 196 the other way round. -- 5. ἀνά-, ὑπό-μνη-σις `remembrance, admonition' (Att.); also μνησι- as verbal 1. member e.g. in μνησι-κακέω `remember the (suffered) wrong' with - ία, - ος (IA). -- 6. μνηστύς, - ύος f. `courting' (Od.), later replaced by μνηστ-εία, - ευμα (s. μνηστεύω); attempt at semantic differentiation by Benveniste Noms d'agent 68f. -- 7. μνηστήρ (μνᾱσ-), - τῆρος m. `wooer' (Od.; on μνηστήρ: μνηστύς Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 32 n. 2), also name of a month ( μναστήρ, Messene; cf. Γαμη-λιών and Fraenkel 1, 162); adjectiv. `remembering, reminding' (Pi.; Fraenkel 1, 156 f.), f. μνήστειρα `bride' (AP, `reminding' (Pi.); μνῆστρον `betrothal, marriage' ( Cod. Just.) ; προμνήστρ-ια ( προ-μνάομαι) f. `(woman) matchmaker' (E., Ar., Pl.), - ίς `id.' (X.). -- 8. μνήστωρ `mindful' (A.); on μνήσ-τωρ, - τήρ Fraenkel 2, 12, Benveniste Noms d'agent 47. -- 9. μνηστή f. `wood and won, wedded, memorable' (Hom., A. R.) also `worth remembering' ( Sammelb. 6138), πολυ-μνήστη (- ος) `much wood' (Od.), also `mindful, remaining in memory' (Emp., A.); but Ἄ-μνᾱτος (Gortyn; Schwyzer 503); from this μνηστεύω ( μνασ-) `woo a wife' (Od.), also `canvass a job' with μνήστευμα (E.), - εία (hell.) `wooing'. --10. μνήμων ( μνά-), - ονος m. f., first from μνῆμα, but also directly associated with the verb, `mindful' (Od.), often as title of an office `notary, registrator' (Halic., Crete, Arist.), with μνημο-σύνη `remembrance' (Θ 181); cf. Wyss - σύνη 34; also as name of one of the Muses (h. Merc., Hes.); - συνον n. `id.' (Hdt., Th., Ar.); prob. poetical (Wyss 50); - ος `for remembrance' (LXX); besides Μναμόν-α (Ar. Lys. 1248; cf. on εὑφρόνη), Μνημ-ώ (Orph.) = Μνημοσύνη. Denominat. μνημον-εύω `remember' (IA) with μνημόνευ-σις, - μα etc. Adj. μνημον-ικός `for remembrance, with good memory' (Att.). -- 11. PN like Μνησεύς (Pl.; short name of Μνήσ-αρχος, Bosshardt 130), Μνασίλλει (Boeot.); Μνασέας; prob. hellenis. of Sem. Mǝnašše = Μανασση (Schulze Kl. Schr. 394 f.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 414).Etymology: The above paradigm, together with the nominal formations built on a general μνᾱ-, is a purely Greek creation. The basis of the generalized system were of course one or a few verbal forms; as however the new system was already complete at the beginneing of Greek and the cognate languages present nothing that could be compared directly with the Greek forms, we can no more follow its creation. A monosyllabic IE * mnā- is found in class. Sanskrit, as in aor. a-mnā-siṣ-uḥ `they mentioned', which typologically reminds of μνῆ-σ-αι, in the perf. act. ma-mnau (gramm.), prob. innovation to midd. ma-mn-e (cf. μέμονα) and not (with Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3,441) to be connected with μέμνημαι; further in - mnā-ta- `mentioned' and mnā-ya-te `is mentioned', with which agree on the one hand Ἄ-μνᾱ-τος and - with secondary σ (Schwyzer 503) - μνη-σ-τή, on the other hand μνάομαι. But the last is undoubtedly analogically innovated after wellknown patterns to μνήσασθαι etc.; also the verbal adj. does not look archaic. The development of μιμνήσκω has been prob. about the same as with κικλήσκω (where however καλέ-σαι was retained) or with βιβρώσκω (s.v.), where also non-Greek agreements to βρω- are rare or doubtful. The general re-creation isolated μιμνήσκω both formally and semantically from the old μέμονα and even more from μαίνομαι. -- From μνάομαι `remind, mention' developed as courteous expression the meaning `woo a woman, court'; s. Benveniste Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 13 ff., where also against the connection with γυνή (Schwyzer 726 n. 1). Against Benveniste Ambrosini Rend. Acc. Lincei 8: 10, 62ff. with new interpretation: to δάμνημι, ἀδμής; not convincing. -- Further rich lit. in WP. 2, 264ff., Pok. 726ff., W. -Hofmann s. meminī, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. miñti. Cf. μαίνομαι, μέμονα, μένος.Page in Frisk: 2,238-241Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μιμνήσκω
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11 νέμεσις
νέμεσις, - εωςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `righteous anger, retribution' (Il.), also personified (Hes.); on the meaning below.Derivatives: Νεμέσια n. pl. `Nemesisfeast' (D.), νεμέσιον n. appellativ. as plantname = ὠκιμοειδές (Ps.-Dsc.); Νεμεσεῖον (- ιον) `Nemesistemple' (hell. inscr.); νεμεσίτης λίθος m. name of a magic stone (Cyran.; Redard 58). Denominative verbs: 1. νεμεσ(σ)άομαι, - άω, aor. νεμεσ(σ)-ηθῆναι, - ήσασθαι, - ῆσαι, verbal adj. - ητός `become unwilling, rage, be perturbed' (Il.); analog. after other verbs in - άομαι, - άω (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 358, Schwyzer 727), - σσ- beside - σ- (thus also νεμέσσι dat. sg. Z 335) also analogical-metrical (not with Schwyzer 321 from τι̯); νεμεσητικός `prone to perturbation' (Arist.), νεμεσήμων `unwilling, perturbed' (Call., Nonn.). -- 2. νεμεσίζο-μαι, only present and ipf., `id.' (Hom.).Etymology: Formation in - τις (cf. γένεσις, Λάχεσις; s. on λαγχάνω), often connected with νέμω. So the meaning would be prop. *'the (right) assignment, the attribution, imputatio'; thus perhaps still in the usual ep. expression οὑ νέμεσις ( τινί) prop. `one cannot attribute (to somebody), i.e. not reproach, that...' (cf. Bischoff Gnomon 15, 549 n. 1). Further hypotheses in Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 75f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 79; also von Erffa Phil. Supp. 30: 2, 30ff. ( νέμεσις: αἰδώς), Irmscher Götterzorn 21 ff., Henter Lexis 3, 229f., Martinazzoli Stud. itfilel. N.S. 21, 11ff.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέμεσις
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12 ὀνίνημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to be of use, to help, gratify'Other forms: aor. ὀνῆσαι, fut. ὀνήσω (Il.), Dor. ὀνασεῖ (Theoc.), midd. ὀνίναμαι (Att.), aor. ὀνήσασ-θαι (late), aor. 2 ὠνήμην, opt. ὀναίμην, ep. ἀπ-ονήμην, - όνητω (Il.), ὠνάμην, inf. ὄνασθαι (E., Pl.), fut. ὀνήσομαι (Il.).Compounds: Often w. ἀπο-, `to benifit, to gain, to enjoy, to relish'.Derivatives: 1. ὄνηαρ (written ὄνειαρ, s. v.); 2. ὄνησις, Dor. etc. ὄνασις f. (φ 402; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 73 w. n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 77) `benefit, advantage, gain, enjoyment' with ὀνήσιμος `useful, beneficial' (h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 14, Arbenz 35); 3. Όνήτωρ, - ορος m. PN (Π 604 u.a.), Dor. ὀνάτωρ (conj. Pi. O. 10,9) `helper', ὀνήτωρ name of a plaster (medic.); 4. Όνήτης m. PN (Eretria IVa); for the PN in Όνησι- etc. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 348ff.; 5. ὀνήμων = ὀνήσιμος ( Cat. Cod. Astr.). 6. Primary comparative forms. sup. ὀνήϊσ-τος `most useful' (Ion. a.o.), comp. n. ὀνήϊον (Nic.), Dor. ὀνάϊον (Dodona IIIa) as positive reinterpreted; details in Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 7 ff. (= KL Schr. 221 ff.). Egli Heteroklisie 77, also Seiler Steigerungsform 87f., who hardly believably assumes a noun *ὀνή `usefulness' as basis.Etymology: To be noted are the old medial aoristforms with long vowel ἀπ-ονήμην, - όνητο, - ονήμενος etc., opposed to which are not only the clearly secondary ὠνάμην, ὄνασθαι but prob. also ὀναίμην and ὀνίναμαι ( ἵσταμαι: ἵστημι a.o.) are unoriginal (diff. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382); the quite late present ὀνίσκω (Ath. 2, 35c) was shaped to ὀνήσω after εὑρήσω: εὑρίσκω a.o. Further details in Schwyzer 688 f. -- No convincing etymology. By Wackernagel Dehnungsgesetz 50 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 946) a.o. (s. Bq and WP. 2, 315) compared with Skt. nāthá- n. `refuge, help', which looks like a primary noun (Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 718) but is further isolarted (cf. Mayrhofer s. nā́dhamānaḥ). Other attempts in Bq (rejected). Cf. ὄνειαρ.Page in Frisk: 2,395-396Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀνίνημι
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13 Γραικός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: peoples name, "Greek" ( Marm. Par. IIIa, Arist. Mete. 352 b 2). Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).Derivatives: Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).Etymology: The name, prob. given to the Epirotic Dorians by their Illyrian neighbours, was taken over by the Italics and extended to all Hellenes. The use of the word in hellenistic literature is partly based on Lat. Graeci. - Without k-Suffix we have Lat. Graius, Messap. graias, grahis. The term may have come to Italy through the Etruscans, Ernout, R. Ph. 1962, 209-216. Perhaps the Epirotic name Γρᾶες was the basis; its origin is unknown. - See Schwyzer 80 Nr. 4 and 497 n. 7 and Jacobsohn KZ 55, 37, Kretschmer Glotta 30, 156f. - Γραική = Oropia (NE.-Attica), derived from Γραία, isirrelevant.. ( Γραῖκες = αἱ τῶν Έλλήνων μητέρες (Alcm. 134), from γραῦς after γυναῖκες, is also irrelevant.)Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Γραικός
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14 ἄγρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hunting, prey' (Od.)Compounds: Instruments: πυράγρα `fire-tongs' (Il.), κρεάγρα `meat-tongs' (Ar.); ὀδοντάγρα `tooth-tongs'; diseases: ποδάγρα `podagra'; in - άγρετος: αὑτάγρετος `self-chosen' (Od.). The interpretation of these words is debated. βοάγρια, ἀνδράγριον `what was taken from a cow (= shield)', from a man, spoils of a slain enemy'.Derivatives: ἀγρεύς `hunter' (Pi.); on the meaning of ἀγρέτης see Redard Les noms grecs en -της 236 A. 58; - ἀγρώσσω `catch' (Od.), cf. Schwyzer 733 ζ. ἀγρέω `take, seize' (Il.; only ipv. ἄγρει, - τε; but see Wackernagel Unt. 166f.), Aeol. ipv. κατάγρεντον.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The relation between ἄγρα and ἀγρέω is unclear. Against ἀγρέω as denominative from ἄγρα Schwyzer 727 A.1. McKenzie, Cl. Quarterly 15, 46f and 125, wants to separate the two words. DELG is inclined to accept this (I see no reason why then ἄγρα would have to be connected with ἄγω). It is said that ἀγρέω and αἱρέω influenced each other, but where? - Connection with the Indo-Iranian words is now rejected (see Frisk, DELG). From Celtic are compared W. aer `battle' (\< *agrā), Ir. ár n. `defeat' (\< * agrom), Gaul. peoples name Veragri. - Fur. (s. index) thinks ἀγρέω is a substr. word, because of the prenasalized forms (Thess. αγγρε-), because of the form with αι for α ( Έξαίγρετος on coins from Asia Minor, Vendryes, Mél. Boisacq 2, 331-334; this form I find hardly reliable), because of the variant ἐγρέω, and because of the metathesized form αργειτε. Non-IE origin is for both words quite possible.See also: ζωγρέωPage in Frisk: 1,15-16Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγρα
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15 ἀλέξω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `ward off, defend' (Il.).Compounds: As first member ἀλεξ(ι-), e.g. in ἀλεξί-κακος (Hom.); also Άλέξανδρος, from which comes the Hittite rendering Alakšanduš (Kretschmer Glotta 13, 205ff., 21, 244ff., 24, 242ff., 33, 22f.); Sommer's view that it is in origin Anatolian (IF 55, 187ff., Nominalkomp., esp. 186ff., is now abandoned).Derivatives: ἀλέκτωρ, from which ἀλεκτρυών is derived (q.v.). - From the stem with - η- (cf. ἀλεξήσω): e.g. ἀλεξητήρ `defender' (Hom.) and ἀλεξήτωρ (S.);Etymology: Beside ἀλεξ- there is the stem ἀλκ-, see ἀλκ-ή. They continue * h₂(e)lk-: * h₂lek-s. On the meanings s. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 78. ἀλέξ- agrees exactly with Skt. rákṣati `protect'.Page in Frisk: 1,69-70Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέξω
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16 ἄλσος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `sacred grove' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀλσίνη a plant, (Dsc.); André, Noms de plantes; cf. CEG 6.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The name of the temple-area in Olympia, Ἄλτις f., would be identical with ἄλσος, Paus. 5, 10, 1; on this basis one reconstructs *ἄλτι̯ος for ἄλσος. Fur. 249, 253 accepts the equation, but interprets it in the context of other instances of dental\/sibilant in substr. words ( ἄννηθον\/ ἄνησον). S. ἄλμα.Page in Frisk: 1,79Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλσος
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17 ἄμμος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sand' (Pl.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Considered to be contamination of ἄμαθος and ψάμμος, but this assumed starting point fails to appreciate that this is a non-IE word that may not have followed the sound laws of IE words. S. s.vv. - On Άμμίτης as river name Redard Les noms grecs en - της 130 etc.Page in Frisk: 1,93Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄμμος
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18 ἀστήρ
ἀστήρ, - έροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `star' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀστέριον, also name of a plant (Crateuas; s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 48, 50); - ἀστερίας fish- and bird name (Philyll.), Strömberg Fischnamen 28, Thompson Birds 57); ἀστερίτης ( λίθος) name of a mythical stone (Ptol. Heph., cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 52), fem. ἀστερῖτις a plant (Ps.-Apul., Redard 69).Etymology: Compare Arm. astɫ `id.', further e.g. Bret. sterenn, Goth. staírno, Toch. B ścirye, Av. acc. sg. stār-ǝm, Skt. nom. pl. tā́raḥ (the absence of the s- unexplained), instr. stŕ̥-bhiḥ; Lat. stella \< * stēr-lā or rather * stēl-nā, Hitt. hasterza \/ hsterz\/. Not here ἀστεροπή (q.v.) - Krogmann KZ 63, 256ff. and v. Windekens Revue belge de phil. 21, 141ff. connected PIE. ā̆s- `burn', Pok. 68, which seems quite probable. Sumerian-Babylonian origin ( Ištar `Venus'; z. B. Ipsen IF 41, 179ff.) is most improbable, cf. Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 481, Specht KZ 62, 249 m. A. 3, Scherer Gestirnnamen 23 (also p. 18ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,170-171Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀστήρ
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19 ἄσφαλτος
Grammatical information: f. (m.)Meaning: `asphalt, bitumen' (Hdt.).Other forms: - ον n.Derivatives: ἀσφάλτιον `treacle clover, Psoralea bituminosa' (Dsc.; after the smell, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 62); ἀσφαλτῖτις `bituminous' ( βῶλος etc., Str., Redard Les noms grecs en - ίτης 108); ἀσφαλτωδεύομαι `cover with a.'. - ἀσφαλτόω `smear with a.' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally taken as negative verbal adjective of σφάλλεσθαι, as the material that protects walls from σφάλλεσθαι. Diels KZ 47, 207ff., who finds no Semitic etymologies. For the `causative' meaning of the verbal adjective one compares ἀμέθυστος; still, this point makes the etymology weak. Chantr. notes `qui empêche de glisser, de tomber, le produit étant employé comme mortier (ce qui n'est pas à l'origine un procédé grec).' The etymology is improbable; rather a substr. word; Diels noted that sources occur everywhere, e.g. on Zakynthos and near Dyrrhachium..Page in Frisk: 1,174Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσφαλτος
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20 ἄττανα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Derivatives: ἀττανίδες πλακοῦντες, ἔνθρυπτοι H. Further ἀττανίτης `a cake', beside τηγανίτης (Hippon.) and ταγηνίτης (Ath.); s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 87f. and Lambertz, Glotta 6, 4 n. 5.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. Because of the form in Hippon., Kretschmer ( Glotta 11, 1921, 282f) supposed that the word was Anatolian; s. Masson Hippon. 119. Ernout, Philologica 1, 28 = BSL 30, 1930, 92 compares atena, adtanus, atanuuium, atanulus, cups for religious service, which he considers Etruscan (but the Greek words are not cups). So Anatolian?Page in Frisk: 1,182Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄττανα
См. также в других словарях:
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